Trait theories try to pin down the basic, consistent characteristics and behaviors that make each of us different. Instead of digging into unconscious forces, psychologists like Allport, Cattell, and Eysenck measured specific traits to map out the structure of personality. This gives you a straightforward way to compare people, though critics point out that traits describe behavior more than they explain it.
Exams regularly test the trait models against their founders, like matching the 16 PF questionnaire to Cattell or the three dimensions to Eysenck. Students often mix up Allport’s cardinal and central traits, so here’s a way to remember it: a cardinal trait is one single, all-consuming drive, while central traits are the five to ten core characteristics most people have. And be ready to rattle off the Big Five using the acronym OCEAN, because it comes up all the time.
Part of Basic Psychology, module “Personality”. Sign in (free) to read the full notes, flashcards and the lesson quiz.