Abraham Maslow’s hierarchy of needs is a foundational humanistic theory proposing that motivation moves through five distinct levels, from basic biological drives up to the ultimate goal of self-fulfillment. The model says we are propelled by our unsatisfied needs, and lower-order needs have to be adequately met before higher-order psychological desires take center stage. Even with criticisms about its rigid ordering and shaky measurement, it remains one of the most useful lenses for understanding how complex human motivation really is.
Entrance exams regularly test the exact order of the five stages and the split between lower-order needs (satisfied externally) and higher-order needs (satisfied internally). Students often mix up social needs with esteem needs, and here’s a way to keep them apart: social needs revolve around "belonging and love," while esteem needs center on "status, ego, and recognition". You should also know the main criticism of Maslow’s theory by heart: the strict sequential ordering of the needs lacks solid empirical support.
Part of Basic Psychology, module “Motivation & Emotion”. Sign in (free) to read the full notes, flashcards and the lesson quiz.